Eug. carm. 70 At the end of line 3, all the extant manuscripts offer -melos. This has been accepted by the editors without discussion. But is it plausible to accept camels in this bucolic landscape?

A teoria republicana da justiça representa a compreensão que os indivíduos, para não serem dominados na vida social e pública, necessitam da estrutura organizacional do Estado democrático de direito para realizarem os seus projetos de vida. A questão da justiça está centrada na implementação social do ideal de liberdade como não-dominação. Ela se refere às relações sociais fundadas sob o princípio da igualdade de tratamento e oportunidades. A teoria política de Philip Pettit propõe a aplicação do teste do globo ocular (...) como sendo a ferramenta de reconhecimento das formas de subjugação e submissão nas sociedades contemporâneas. Essa regra de teste conscientizará os indivíduos sobre as injustiças sociais e os marginalizados pela extrema pobreza e ausentes de oportunidades. Pettit estabelece dois critérios para a dedução das liberdades básicas que devem ser asseguradas pelo Estado republicano. Os critérios são a co-exercibilidade e a co-satisfação das escolhas dos indivíduos. O Estado estaria obrigado somente a garantir as liberdades básicas que passassem sob esse crivo. Os cidadãos republicanos desfrutam da condição de independentes socialmente e atuam com o objetivo de construir a sociedade democrática e inclusiva. (shrink)

Cognitive Science, Volume 46, Issue 4, April 2022.

In this study the authors follow with extreme clarity what could be understood as the political ideology and the philosophy of language of Richard Rorty, from the perspective of the understanding assumed by this North American philosopher as to public democratic practices. His philosophy is es..

Experiencing a stimulus in one sensory modality is often associated with an experience in another sensory modality. For instance, seeing a lemon might produce a sensation of sourness. This might indicate some kind of cross-modal correspondence between vision and gustation. The aim of the current study was to provide explore whether such cross-modal correspondences influence cross-modal integration during perceptual learning. To that end, we conducted 2 experiments. Using a speeded classification task, Experiment 1 established a cross-modal correspondence between visual lightness (...) and the frequency of an auditory tone. Using a short-term priming procedure, Experiment 2 showed that manipulation of such cross-modal correspondences led to the creation of a crossmodal unit regardless of the nature of the correspondence (i.e., congruent, Experiment 2a or incongruent, Experiment 2b). However, a comparison of priming-effects sizes suggested that cross-modal correspondences modulate cross-modal integration during learning and thus leading to new learned units that have different stability over time. We discuss the implications of our results for the relation between cross-modal correspondence and perceptual learning in the context of a Bayesian explanation of cross-modal correspondences. (shrink)

Drawing upon the concepts of civic epistemologies and sociotechnical imaginaries, this article delves into the history of nuclear energy in Portugal, analyzing the ways in which the nuclear endeavor was differently enacted by various sociopolitical collectives – the Fascist State, post-revolutionary governments and the public. Following the 1974 revolution - known as the Carnation Revolution - this paper analyzes how the nuclear project was fiercely contested by a vibrant anti-nuclear movement assembled against the construction of the Ferrel Nuclear Plant, the (...) first sociotechnical controversy in Portugal, paving the way for the emergence of a combative civic epistemology. Supported by semi-structured interviews with scientists, activists and local residents of Ferrel and the analysis of historical material, this article presents the failed Portuguese nuclear endeavor as an emblematic case study to explore the co-production of science and society, in particular the role of revolutionary processes in the unfolding of sociotechnical controversies. (shrink)

Formal Ontology is a discipline whose business is to develop formal theories about general aspects of reality such as identity, dependence, parthood, truth-making, causality, etc. A foundational ontology is a specific consistent set of these ontological theories that support activities such as domain analysis, conceptual clarification, and meaning negotiation. A (well-founded) core ontology specifies, under a foundational ontology, the central concepts and relations of a given domain. Foundational and core ontologies can be seen as ontology engineering frameworks to systematically address (...) the laborious task of building large (more specific) domain ontologies. However, both in research and industry, it is common that ontologies as computational artifacts are built without the aid of any framework of this kind, often yielding modeling mistakes and representation gaps. In this paper, we analyze a case in the domain of cybersecurity, namely, the case of D3FEND — an OWL knowledge graph of cybersecurity countermeasure techniques proposed by the MITRE Corporation. Based on the Reference Ontology for Security Engineering (ROSE), a core ontology of the security domain founded in the Unified Founda-tional Ontology (UFO), our investigation reveals a number of semantic issues and opportunities for improvement in D3FEND, including missing concepts, semantic overload of terms, and lacking constraints that cause an under-specification of the model. As a result of our ontological analysis, we propose several suggestions for the appropriate redesign of D3FEND to overcome those issues. (shrink)

Emphasizing the predictive success and practical utility of psychological science is an admirable goal but it will require a substantive shift in how we design research. Applied research often assumes that findings are transferable to all practices, insensitive to variation between implementations. We describe efforts to quantify and close this practice-to-practice gap in education research.

Resumo: Os cuidados paliativos representam a escolha compartilhada, entre o profissional de saúde e o paciente, com a finalidade de preservar a dignidade do paciente quando a terapia medicamentosa e as intervenções cirúrgicas não são benéficas ao tratamento de saúde. Essa perspectiva de acompanhamento médico resgata o cuidado ético de atenção e valorização da biografia da pessoa. O aspecto ético, a partir da ética do cuidado e da ética deontológica, reflete na relação entre os profissionais de saúde e o paciente (...) com o objetivo de oferecer as condições de manutenção da autonomia e da dignidade. A bioética enfatiza o cuidado centrado nas escolhas do paciente. Ela evita a obstinação em prolon- gar o tratamento médico, a menos que haja uma melhora no estado clínico do paciente. Essa dialética conceitual entre a ética e a bioética tem o propósito de garantir o bem-estar ao paciente em cuidados paliativos. Palavras-chave: Cuidados paliativos. Ética. Bioética. Ética do cuidado. Ética deontológica. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que busca conhecer saberes e práticas de estudantes indígenas e quilombolas em uma universidade brasileira por meio da análise de narrativas na perspectiva fenomenológica-hermenêutica. Dois aspectos centrais foram identificados em seus relatos: diferenças entre modelos vivenciados na educação básica e no ensino superior; preconceitos sofridos por serem quilombolas ou indígenas. As histórias dos/as estudantes remetem a situações vividas individualmente durante o processo de formação e/ou a situações que dizem respeito a um grupo, uma (...) etnia; revelam, ainda, que os contextos dos quais são oriundos/as têm sido alvo de descaso e desvalorização. (shrink)

O fundamento normativo da concepção republicana de justiça é a liberdade como não-dominação. Esse conceito de liberdade política compreende as relações sociais em igualdade de poder. A não-dominação representa a condição social de não estar submisso a capacidade de interferência arbitrária de outrem. A liberdade republicana pressupõe o desenvolvimento das capacidades humanas em sua plenitude. O potencial de desenvolvimento das capacidades humanas deve ser protegido pela estrutura jurídica do Estado. O Estado tem a função de equiparar os desníveis de bens (...) e recursos dos indivíduos com a sua estrutura institucional. Ele atua para oferecer as condições necessárias, os direitos e as liberdades básicas, aos indivíduos em sua vida social e política. A perspectiva republicana de Philip Pettit enseja realizar a dedução normativa da liberdade republicana e demonstrar que a teoria da justiça tem que pressupor os recursos necessários para o desenvolvimento da vida humana em sua condição de igualdade e liberdade. A estruturação democrática da sociedade pressupõe o estabelecimento de relações sociais que se caracterizem pelo status social de não-dominação. (shrink)

O artigo investiga a pertinência dos discursos religiosos para a construção da sociedade democrática. A contemporaneidade filosófica tem observado que as religiões podem contribuir para a realização do objetivo de fraternidade e solidariedade entre os cidadãos com distintas orientações axiológicas. A teoria do discurso de Jürgen Habermas analisa que as sociedades contemporâneas estão vivenciando o processo de pós-secularização e o ressurgimento das religiões na esfera pública. O filósofo alemão considera que as instituições religiosas têm o conteúdo normativo e a legitimidade (...) que está ausente nas instituições políticas e nos atores políticos. As religiões mundiais se caracterizam pelas ações sociais e o incentivo à solidariedade aos seus fiéis. No nível pós-metafísico de fundamentação da forma política, os discursos religiosos podem motivar os cidadãos para a atitude comunicativa e o entendimento sobre as normas sociais que deverão reger a sociedade justa e inclusiva. Nesse sentido, a experiência de auto-esclarecimento das religiões sobre as suas doutrinas e princípios de fé poderá colaborar para o entendimento entre os cidadãos religiosos e não-religiosos. Por fim, a análise da experiência católica de autorreflexão sobre suas doutrinas e o relacionamento com as diversas religiões se tornou o exemplo de diálogo para as entidades religiosas no mundo secular. (shrink)

A filosofia política de Philip Pettit realiza a leitura normativa da matriz republicana de pensamento político. Na sua construção historiográfica e normativa do significado do republicanismo é reafirmada a centralidade da liberdade como não-dominação. Pettit mantém o intuito de releitura da cidadania republicana como sendo inclusivista e que possui o cunho de realidade política em sua notória preocupação com a condição social dos cidadãos. O republicanismo apregoa que a liberdade como não-dominação é o princípio necessário para avaliação de qualquer organização (...) social e política. Esse princípio não se constitui como valor apriorístico da teoria política porque as relações não-dominadas serão compreendidas em suas diferentes formas e contextos. No âmbito social, ela exigirá que as relações entre indivíduos sejam justas e que não haja motivo para que se tenha medo ou deferência perante as diferenças econômicas ou sociais. A liberdade como não-dominação poderá oferecer os recursos sociais necessários para que não se tenha as relações assimétricas de capacidade de influência e escolha na sociedade política. No âmbito político, a liberdade republicana será representada pela capacidade dos cidadãos de influenciar e direcionar as decisões dos representantes políticos. Por isso, iremos abordar os elementos políticos necessários para a contenção da dominação pública. No âmbito político democrático, a oportunidade de participação política, a discussão das desvantagens sociais e políticas e as formas de contenção da dominação pública serão mecanismos para a diminuição da dominação pública. O exercício da contestação e o controle popular podem ser os mecanismos políticos para a saída da forma minimalista de compreender a ação política como realização das preferências individuais e significa a possibilidade de realização do ideal de bem comum pelo procedimento discursivo de formação da opinião e da vontade política. O debate e a contestação se constituem como o ambiente para o entendimento sobre as normas comuns que alicerçam a comunidade política. Nesse sentido, o modelo republicano de democracia prioriza o exercício dos direitos básicos políticos como sendo a ferramenta para a formação da vontade política. Além disso, ele salienta a atitude contestatória dos cidadãos perante as formas injustificadas de desigualdades de tratamento. A democracia republicana possibilita o compartilhamento dos direitos políticos entre os cidadãos e incentiva que eles exerçam o controle popular sobre as decisões governamentais. Palavras-chave: Republicanismo. Democracia. Contestação. Philip Pettit. (shrink)

Famous Brazilian educational and social theorist Paulo Freire presents his ideas on community solidarity in moving toward social justice in schools and society in a set of talks and interviews shortly before his death, supplemented with ...

This distinctive collection by scholars from around the world focuses upon the cultural, educational, and political significance of Richard Rorty's thought. The nine essays which comprise the collection examine a variety of related themes: Rorty's neopragmatism, his view of philosophy, his philosophy of education and culture, Rorty's comparison between Dewey and Foucault, his relation to postmodern theory, and, also his form of political liberalism.

Desde Martín Heidegger el concepto de círculo hermenéutico se ha hecho familiar en el ámbito de la filosofía y la teología. El mismo aparece inserto en Ser y tiempo distinguiendo entre "círculo hermenéutico" y "círculo vicioso". El concepto es analizado por filósofos como Paul Ricoeur y Hans-Georg G..

En el presente artículo el autor expone el tema de la Revelación y su relación con Cristo y la Trinidad en la perspectiva fenomenológica de Jean-Luc Marion. El centro de su análisis radica en la obra del filósofo francés Givenness & Revelation. En cuanto al enfoque cristológico, Marion enfatiza a Cristo como ícono de Dios y, a partir de una exégesis fenomenológica de 1 Corintios 2, invita a una radical anamorfosis que permita contemplar a Cristo como centro de la sabiduría (...) de Dios. En cuanto a la Trinidad, destaca los aportes de Karl Rahner y Karl Barth, profundizando en los padres capadocios y San Agustín, para enfatizar la función del Espíritu en el despliegue trinitario de Dios. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo, se analiza el modo en que Jean-Luc Marion propone en su fenomenología tomar en cuenta el rostro del prójimo y la carne como mediaciones para pensar a Dios desde lo humano. En primer lugar, el autor se refiere a una cuestión de los “fenómenos saturados”. Luego, analiza el tema del rostro del prójimo como fenómeno saturado. En tercer lugar, expone el tema de la carne, como otro fenómeno saturado. El trabajo finaliza con unas conclusiones que toman (...) en cuenta los espacios del rostro del prójimo y la carne como posibilidades para pensar a Dios desde la encarnación del Logos. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This work proposes reflections on possible meanings constructed in the circulation of discourses that refer to the meaning of the term ‘competence,’ present in official documents that regulate the performance of Tilsp (Tradutores e Intérpretes de Libras e Português [Translators and Interpreters of Libras and Portuguese]). We start from the assumption that the meanings of a word are not completely static, but shift depending on the concrete situation and the interlocutors who use it. As a methodology, excerpts from official (...) documents that regulate Tilsp’s activities were analyzed. By surveying possible interlocutors brought into the documents, we were able to verify that the meaning of ‘competence’ slowly shifts as the documents are produced in their respective times. Firstly, the use of the term points to a hierarchy, later, this meaning undergoes another shift towards the construction and delimitation of Tilsp’s professional work field. Finally, ‘competence’ moves to the labor market in the relationship between supplier and customer. (shrink)

Cinematic virtual reality (CVR) offers filmmakers a wide range of possibilities to explore new techniques regarding movie scripting, shooting and editing. Despite the many experiments performed so far both with both live action and computer-generated movies, just a few studies focused on analyzing how the various techniques actually affect the viewers’ experience. Like in traditional cinema, a key step for CVR screenwriters and directors is to choose from which perspective the viewers will see the scene, the so-called point of view (...) (POV). The aim of this paper is to understand to what extent watching an immersive movie from a specific POV could impact the narrative engagement (NE), i.e., the viewers’ sensation of being immersed in the movie environment and being connected with its characters and story. Two POVs that are typically used in CVR, i.e., first-person perspective (1-PP) and external perspective (EP), are investigated through a user study in which both objective and subjective metrics were collected. The user study was carried out by leveraging two live action 360° short films with distinct scripts. The results suggest that the 1-PP experience could be more pleasant than the EP one in terms of overall NE and narrative presence, or even for all the NE dimensions if the potential of that POV is specifically exploited. (shrink)

There is increasing evidence that dynamic changes to chromatin, chromosomes and nuclear architecture are regulated by RNA signalling. Although the precise molecular mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to involve the differential recruitment of a hierarchy of generic chromatin modifying complexes and DNA methyltransferases to specific loci by RNAs during differentiation and development. A significant fraction of the genome-wide transcription of non-protein coding RNAs may be involved in this process, comprising a previously hidden layer of intermediary genetic information that (...) underpins developmental ontogeny and the differences between species, ecotypes and individuals. It is also evident that RNA editing is a primary means by which hardwired genetic information in animals can be altered by environmental signals, especially in the brain, indicating a dynamic RNA-mediated interplay between the transcriptome, the environment and the epigenome. Moreover, RNA-directed regulatory processes may also transfer epigenetic information not only within cells but also between cells and organ systems, as well as across generations. (shrink)

Comparative Education examines the common problems facing education systems around the world as the result of global economic, social, and cultural forces. Issues related to the governance, financing, provision, processes, and outcomes of education systems for differently situated social groups are described and analyzed in specific regional, national, and local contexts.

Kant's Logic of the Pathological: Aesthetics and Politics.

Revisiting the history of relativity Content Type Journal Article DOI 10.1007/s11016-010-9466-4 Authors Lewis Pyenson, Department of History, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5242, USA Sean F. Johnston, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Rutherford-McCowan Building, Dumfries, Glasgow, Scotland G2 0RB, UK Alberto A. Martínez, Department of History, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station B7000, Austin, TX 78712-0220, USA Richard Staley, Department of the History of Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 226 Bradley Memorial Building, 1225 Linden Drive, Madison, (...) WI 53706-1528, USA Journal Metascience Online ISSN 1467-9981 Print ISSN 0815-0796 Journal Volume Volume 20 Journal Issue Volume 20, Number 1. (shrink)

IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation is a consolidated procedure for the treatment of depression, with several meta-analyses demonstrating its efficacy. Theta-burst stimulation is a modification of TMS with similar efficacy and shorter session duration. The geriatric population has many comorbidities and a high prevalence of depression, but few clinical trials are conducted specifically for this age group. TBS could be an option in this population, offering the advantages of few side effects and no pharmacological interactions. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the (...) efficacy of TBS in geriatric depression.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/], identifier [NCT04842929]. (shrink)

In this paper we show that the class of fork squares has a complete orthodox axiomatization in fork arrow logic (FAL). This result may be seen as an orthodox counterpart of Venema's non-orthodox axiomatization for the class of squares in arrow logic. FAL is the modal logic of fork algebras (FAs) just as arrow logic is the modal logic of relation algebras (RAs). FAs extend RAs by a binary fork operator and are axiomatized by adding three equations to RAs equational (...) axiomatization. A proper FA is an algebra of relations where the fork is induced by an injective operation coding pair formation. In contrast to RAs, FAs are representable by proper ones and their equational theory has the expressive power of full first-order logic. A square semantics (the set of arrows is ᵎ x ᵎ for some set ᵎ) for arrow logic was defined by Y. Venema. Due to the negative results about the finite axiomatizability of representable RAs, Venema provided a non-orthodox finite axiomatization for arrow logic by adding a new rule governing the applications of a difference operator. We address here the question of extending the type of relational structures to define orthodox axiomatizations for the class of squares. Given the connections between this problem and the finitization problem addressed by I. Németi, we suspect that this cannot be done by using only logical operations. The modal version of the FA equations provides an orthodox axiomatization for FAL which is complete in view of the representability of FAs. Here we review this result and carry it further to prove that this orthodox axiomatization for FAL also axiomatizes the class of fork squares. (shrink)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder treated with bone marrow transplantation or enzyme replacement therapy with laronidase, a high-cost orphan drug. Laronidase was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency in 2003 and by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency in 2005. Many Brazilian MPS I patients have been receiving laronidase despite the absence of a governmental policy regulating access to the drug. Epidemiological and treatment data concerning MPS I (...) are scarce. This study aims to present a demographic profile of Brazilian patients with MPS I, describe the routes of access to laronidase in Brazil, and discuss associated ethical issues relating to public funding of orphan drugs. (shrink)

This book highlights some of the most pressing safety, ethical, legal and societal issues related to the diverse contexts in which robotic technologies apply. Focusing on the essential concept of well-being, it addresses topics that are fundamental not only for research, but also for industry and end-users, discussing the challenges in a wide variety of applications, including domestic robots, autonomous manufacturing, personal care robots and drones.

Dados da tradução brasileira de HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Linhas Fundamentais da Filosofia do Direito ou Direito Natural e Ciência do Estado em Compêndio. Tradução, notas, glossário e bibliografia de Paulo Meneses et alli. Apresentações de Denis Lerrer Rosenfield e de Paulo Roberto Konzen. São Paulo: Loyola; São Leopoldo: UNISINOS, 2010.

In this paper we show that the class of fork squares has a complete orthodox axiomatization in fork arrow logic (FAL). This result may be seen as an orthodox counterpart of Venema's non-orthodox axiomatization for the class of squares in arrow logic. FAL is the modal logic of fork algebras (FAs) just as arrow logic is the modal logic of relation algebras (RAs). FAs extend RAs by a binary fork operator and are axiomatized by adding three equations to RAs equational (...) axiomatization. A proper FA is an algebra of relations where the fork is induced by an injective operation coding pair formation. In contrast to RAs, FAs are representable by proper ones and their equational theory has the expressive power of full first-order logic. A square semantics (the set of arrows is U×U for some set U) for arrow logic was defined by Y. Venema. Due to the negative results about the finite axiomatizability of representable RAs, Venema provided a non-orthodox finite axiomatization for arrow logic by adding a new rule governing the applications of a difference operator. We address here the question of extending the type of relational structures to define orthodox axiomatizations for the class of squares. Given the connections between this problem and the finitization problem addressed by I. Németi, we suspect that this cannot be done by using only logical operations. The modal version of the FA equations provides an orthodox axiomatization for FAL which is complete in view of the representability of FAs. Here we review this result and carry it further to prove that this orthodox axiomatization for FAL also axiomatizes the class of fork squares. (shrink)